Topic: Adopting an Illegitimate Child and Writing the Adoptive Parent's Name as the Child’s Father    (No-11122)

Q Is it permissible to adopt an illegitimate child?
Whose name should be written in the parentage section of documents?
Will the adopted child be considered a mahram to the rest of the family or a non-mahram?

a According to Shariah, it is permissible to adopt an illegitimate child (a child born as a result of Zina) since the child is not to blame for the circumstances of their birth.
However, it is important to keep in mind that an adopted child does not hold the same status as a biological child; therefore, the adopted child does not have a share in the inheritance of their adoptive parents.
The person who adopts a child cannot list themselves as the child's father in any document. However, if there is a section for "Guardian’s Name," the adoptive parent may write their name there.
Similarly, the adopted child is not considered a mahram (محرم) to the family. However, if the woman who adopts the child, or her sister(s) or daughter(s), breastfeeds the child (within the age for breastfeeding), he will be considered a mahram to them, and they will not be required to observe “pardah” (also known as hijab, i.e., covering oneself) from him.

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دلائل:

القرآن الکریم: (الأحزاب، الایة: 5)
اُدْعُوْهُمْ لِاٰبَآىٕهِمْ هُوَ اَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِۚ، فَاِنْ لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوْۤا اٰبَآءَهُمْ فَاِخْوَانُكُمْ فِی الدِّیْنِ وَ مَوَالِیْكُمْؕ، وَ لَیْسَ عَلَیْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِیْمَاۤ اَخْطَاْتُمْ بِهٖۙ، وَ لٰكِنْ مَّا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوْبُكُمْؕ، وَ كَانَ اللّٰهُ غَفُوْرًا رَّحِیْمًا o

الدر المختار مع رد المحتار: (باب الرضاع، 213/3، ط: دار الفكر)
(فيحرم منه) أي بسببه (ما يحرم من النسب) رواه الشيخان ... الخ
(قوله أي بسببه) أشار إلى أن من بمعنى باء السببية ط (قوله ما يحرم من النسب) معناه أن الحرمة بسبب الرضاع معتبرة بحرمة النسب، فشمل زوجة الابن والأب من الرضاع لأنها حرام بسبب النسب فكذا بسبب الرضاع، وهو قول أكثر أهل العلم، كذا في المبسوط بحر.
وقد استشكل في الفتح الاستدلال على تحريمها بالحديث لأن حرمتها بسبب الصهرية لا النسب.

Allah the Almighty knows best.
Darul ifta Al-Ikhlas, Karachi.

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