It should be noted that in the context of Shariah law, an adopted child is not considered equivalent to a biological child. Therefore, an adopted child does not have any designated share in the inheritance of the person who adopted them. However, the guardian (the person who adopted them) can give a portion of their assets to the adopted child as a gift while they themselves are still alive, thereby making the child the rightful owner. Likewise, the guardian can also include the adopted child in their will, bequeathing up to one-third of their estate to them.
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دلائل:
القرآن الکریم: (الأحزاب، الآیۃ: 4- 5)
وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَo ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا اٰبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا أَخْطَأْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَكِنْ مَا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًاo
التفسیر المظھری: (284/7)
فلا یثبت بالتبنی شئی من الاحکام البنوة من الارث وحرمة النکاح وغیر ذلک۔
Allah the Almighty knows best.
Darul ifta Al-Ikhlas, Karachi.