Topic: Reselling Plot Files without Taking Possession   (No-272)

Q It has become common for housing societies to sell plot files. Sometimes the plots are allocated, but often they are not.
The buyers of these files then sell them on. This chain continues, without anyone actually having possession of the plot. Is it permissible to sell plot files in this way?

aWhen a housing society allocates a plot to a buyer and files it in their name, the details regarding the permissibility of selling the plot file to another party are as follows:
- If all the necessary details of the plot have been clarified during the transaction, its boundaries have been defined and specified, and its location has been determined and conveyed to the buyer in a way that allows them to estimate the boundaries of their plot with the help of a map, then the buyer becomes the plot's owner. Then, if there is no risk of a dispute arising, it is permissible for the buyer to sell the plot file. This transaction would be considered to be the sale of the plot itself, rather than just the sale of its documents. According to Shariah, the determination of these details is sufficient for the sale of an immovable property even if it has not been fully possessed or paid for yet. Therefore, the transaction would be considered valid.
- However, if the housing society does not clarify the details of the plot in this way, its boundaries are not defined, and there is a risk of dispute in its determination, then the buying and selling of such a plot is not permissible. Therefore, it is not correct to sell such a plot file to another party.

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دلائل:

الھدایة: (23/3، ط: دار احیاء التراث العربی)
"وإذا حصل الایجاب والقبول لزم البیع..... (ویثبت الملک لکل منہما)"

البحر الرائق: (126/6، ط: دار الكتاب الاسلامي)
قوله (صح بيع العقار قبل قبضه) أي عند أبي حنيفة وأبي يوسف، وقال محمد لا يجوز لإطلاق الحديث، وهو النهي عن بيع ما لم يقبض، وقياسا على المنقول وعلى الإجارة، ولهما أن ركن البيع صدر من أهله في محله ولا غرر فيه لأن الهلاك في العقار نادر بخلاف المنقول، والغرر المنهي غرر انفساخ العقد، والحديث معلول به عملا بدلائل الجواز۔۔۔

شرح المجلة: (المادة: 253، 173/2، ط: مکتبة رشیدیة)
"للمشتری ان یبیع المبیع لآخر قبل قبضہ ان کان عقارا
واشار بقولہ : للمشتری ان یبیع الخ : الی ان بیعہ جائز، لکن لایلزم من جواز البیع نفاذہ ولزومہ؛ فانھما موقوفان علی نقد الثمن او رضی البایع، والا فللبایع ابطالہ - ای ابطال بیع المشتری"

الدر المختار: (454/4، ط: دار الفکر)
"ووجه كون الموضع مجهولا أنه لم يبين أنه من مقدم الدار، أو من مؤخرها، وجوانبها تتفاوت قيمة فكان المعقود عليه مجهولا جهالة مفضية إلى النزاع، فيفسد كبيع بيت من بيوت الدار كذا في الكافي"

کذا فی تبویب فتاوی دار العلوم کراتشی: رقم الفتوی: 1615/28،1611/12

Allah the Almighty knows best.
Darul ifta Al-Ikhlas, Karachi.

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