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Topic: Keeping or Deducting the Advance Payment (Bayana) When a Real Estate Deal gets Cancelled

(No-39891)

Q Assalam aalikum warhmatullahi wabarkatuh
In India, for Land Sale Dealings its generally accepted that advance given is not to to be returned back if the Deal is not completed without mentioning anything at the time of taking advance that the amount has to be returned or not after certain period, and its by default accepted by all parties that if second payment and/or deal not completed the no need to return the amount.
So, please guide us that is it halal to use such advance amount

a
When a plot is bought and sold, the advance payment given by the buyer — known as bayana — is considered part of the agreed sale price. It is not a separate or independent amount.
Therefore, if the deal is cancelled for any reason, it is not permissible to keep this amount or deduct anything from it. Returning the full advance to the buyer is mandatory according to Shariah.
However, if the cancellation caused losses, such as registration fees or other legal expenses, then deducting that specific amount is permissible.

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دلائل:

اعلاء السنن: (6026/12)
"قال الموفق فی"المغنی" العربون فی البیع ھو ان یشتری السلعة ۔۔۔ فیدفع الی البائع درھما او غیرہ علی انه اخذ السلعة احتسب به من الثمن والم یاخذھا فذالک للبائع۔۔۔۔ وقال ابو الخطاب (من الحنابلة ) : انہ لایصح، وھو قول الشافعی و اصحاب الرای".

فقه البیوع: (113/1)
العربون والعربان : بیع فسرہ ابن منظور بقوله:" ھو ان یشتری السلعة ویدفع الی صاحبھا شیئا یلی انه ان امضی البیع جائز حسب من الثمن، وان یمض البیع، کان لصاحب السلعة، ولم یرتجعه المشتری۔
واختلف الفقھاء فی جواز العربون: فقال الحنفیة والمالکیة والشافعیة وابو الخطاب من الحنابلة : انه غیر جائز".

Allah the Almighty knows best
Darul ifta Al-Ikhlas,Karachi

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