Topic: Giving or Bequeathing a Portion of One's Assets to Grandchildren   (No-41)

Q A widow has two sons and four daughters (one deceased). She owns property valued at 38 lakh rupees, with one son contributing 4 lakh rupees. She desires to distribute her property according to Islamic law while also supporting her deceased daughter's granddaughter's marriage.
Request for Clarification:
To provide the most accurate Sharia guidance, some additional details are required. Firstly, is the property owned by the widow or her late husband? Secondly, the son's contribution of 4 lakh rupees needs clarification. Did he contribute this amount towards the initial purchase price of the property, or did he invest it in its construction? Finally, did the son mention a loan when he invested this money? Having this information will allow us to provide a more precise answer.
Provided Clarification:
The property is solely owned by the widow. The son's contribution of 4 lakh rupees was in the form of a loan.

aIn the situation described, the woman owes her son a loan of four lakh rupees. However, the property itself is solely hers. During her lifetime, she retains full ownership and control over it. According to Shariah, her children have no claim to her wealth and cannot demand any portion of it while she is alive. However, she has the freedom to distribute her property among her children during her lifetime if she chooses to do so.
As for supporting her granddaughter, she has two options. She can either give her granddaughter something during her lifetime, granting her full ownership rights over the gifted item. Alternatively, she can choose to bequeath up to one-third of her assets to the granddaughter in her final will.
Note:
Please refer to the following fatwa to learn more about the distribution of property during one's lifetime:
https://alikhlasonline.com/detail.aspx?id=8972

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دلائل:

شرح المجلة: (رقم المادۃ: 837)
تنعقد الهبة بالإیجاب والقبول، وتتم بالقبض الکامل؛ لأنها من التبرعات، والتبرع لا یتم إلا بالقبض".

الفتاوی الھندیة: (الباب الثانی فیما یجوز من الھبة، 378/4، ط: دار الفکر)
"لايثبت الملك للموهوب له إلا بالقبض هو المختار، هكذا في الفصول العمادية".

البحر الرائق: (کتاب الفرائض، 346/9، ط: رشیدیه)
وأما بيان الوقت الذي يجري فيه الإرث فنقول: هذا فصل اختلف المشايخ فيه، قال مشايخ العراق: الإرث يثبت في آخر جزء من أجزاء حياة المورث، وقال مشايخ بلخ: الإرث يثبت بعد موت المورث".

الفتاوی الھندیة: (90/6، ط: دار الفکر)
تصح الوصية لأجنبي من غير إجازة الورثة، كذا في التبيين ولا تجوز بما زاد على الثلث إلا أن يجيزه الورثة بعد موته وهم كبار ولا معتبر بإجازتهم في حال حياته، كذا في الهداية

Allah the Almighty knows best.
Darul ifta Al-Ikhlas, Karachi.

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