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Topic: Ruling on an Heir Who Passes Away Before the Deceased

(No-48270)

Q If an heir passes away before the deceased (the person whose estate is to be inherited), is that heir entitled to any share in the estate of the deceased?
Kindly explain the Islamic ruling regarding this matter.

a
It should be noted that a person only becomes entitled to inherit if they are alive at the time of the deceased's death. Therefore, if a prospective heir passes away before the deceased, that person is not entitled to any share of the estate.
Likewise, the heirs of the predeceased heir do not inherit that share on his or her behalf.
However, if any of them independently qualify as heirs of the deceased, they will inherit according to their own entitlement under the laws of Sharia.

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دلائل:

رد المحتار: (758/6، ط: دار الفکر)
وَشُرُوطُهُ: ثَلَاثَةٌ: مَوْتٌ مُوَرِّثٍ حَقِيقَةً، أَوْ حُكْمًا كَمَفْقُودٍ، أَوْ تَقْدِيرًا كَجَنِينٍ فِيهِ غُرَّةٌ وَوُجُودُ وَارِثِهِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ حَيًّا حَقِيقَةً أَوْ تَقْدِيرًا كَالْحَمْلِ وَالْعِلْمِ بِجِهَةِ إرْثِهِ، وَأَسْبَابِهِ وَمَوَانِعِهِ سَيَأْتِي.

السراجي في الميراث: (ص: 5-7، ط: البشرى)
"قال علماؤنا: تتعلق بتركة الميت حقوق أربعة مرتبة : الأول يبدأ بتكفينه و تجهيزه من غير تبذير و لا تقتير، ثم تقضى ديونه من جميع ما بقي من ماله ثم تنفذ وصاياه من ثلث ما بقي بعد الدين، ثم يقسم الباقي بين ورثته بالكتاب و السنة و إجماع الأمة."

And Allah Almighty knows best.
Darul Ifta Al-Ikhlas, Karachi

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