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Topic: Ruling on the Ownership and Rental Income of Property Registered in a Mother's Name as a Trust

(No-61527)

Q If son lives out of country and buys family house, 3/4 house with his money and remaining as inheritance from father(he has other siblings as well). So it is a shared property but 3/4 share his. He put in mothers name as amanat because he was outside. Now mother wants this property for all children? She is also having rent from this property so dont want to give back.

a If the son genuinely purchased three quarters of the property with his own money, and received the remaining quarter as his inheritance from his father, then the entire property belongs to him alone. His siblings have no share in it.
As for registering it in his mother's name, if this was done only as an amanah for convenience while he was abroad, with no intention of transferring ownership or gifting it to her, then her name on the paperwork does not make her the owner. The property remains his.
It is therefore not permissible for the mother to divide his property among the other children without his consent, or to treat it as her own. The same applies to the rental income: it belongs to the real owner, meaning the son. She may not use it or keep it for herself unless he willingly gives her permission to do so.
The son has every right under Shariah to take his property back, and the mother is obliged to safeguard the trust and return both the property and the income it has generated to him.

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دلائل:

القرآن الکریم: (البقرة، الایة: 188)
وَلَا تَأْكُلُوٓا أَمْوَ‌ٰلَكُم بَيْنَكُم بِٱلْبَٰطِلِ ... الخ

صحیح مسلم: (رقم الحدیث: 1610)
حدثنا يحيى بن أيوب وقتيبة بن سعيد وعلي بن حجر قالوا حدثنا إسمعيل وهو ابن جعفر عن العلاء بن عبد الرحمن عن عباس بن سهل بن سعد الساعدي عن سعيد بن زيد بن عمرو بن نفيل أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "من اقتطع شبرا من الأرض ظلما طوقه الله إياه يوم القيامة من سبع أرضين".

مشكاة المصابيح: (رقم الحديث: 2946، 889/2، ط: المكتبة الإسلامي)
وَعَن أبي حرَّة الرقاشِي عَن عَمه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «أَلا تَظْلِمُوا أَلَا لَا يَحِلُّ مَالُ امْرِئٍ إِلَّا ‌بِطِيبِ ‌نَفْسٍ ‌مِنْهُ» . رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي شُعَبِ الْإِيمَان وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيّ فِي الْمُجْتَبى.

الدر المختار: (689/5، ط: سعید)
"بخلاف جعلته باسمك فإنه ليس بهبة"۔

شرح المجلة: (رقم المادۃ: 837)
تنعقد الهبة بالإیجاب والقبول، وتتم بالقبض الکامل؛ لأنها من التبرعات، والتبرع لا یتم إلا بالقبض".

الھندیة: (378/4، ط: رشیدیة)
"لايثبت الملك للموهوب له إلا بالقبض هو المختار، هكذا في الفصول العمادية".

بدائع الصنائع: (57/7، ط: دار الکتب العلمیة)
لأن ‌الإرث ‌إنما ‌يجري في المتروك من ملك أو حق للمورث على ما قال «- عليه الصلاة والسلام - من ترك مالا أو حقا فهو لورثته» ولم يوجد شيء من ذلك فلا يورث ولا يجري فيه التداخل


Allah the Almighty knows best.
Darul ifta Al-Ikhlas, Karachi.

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