It should be understood that the commands of believing in Allah's decree (qadr) is fardh (obligatory)
As for Takwīnī commands, they are those commands of Allah Almighty that take effect automatically and cannot be resisted. Every created being is subject to them. Matters such as birth, death, sustenance, and the universal laws governing creation all fall under these commands. Whether a person is a believer or a disbeliever, righteous or sinful, everyone is controlled by Allah's universal decree.
Tashrīʿī commands, on the other hand, are the commands of Sharia through which Allah Almighty has prescribed laws and informed us of the rewards for obedience and the consequences of disobedience. These are not imposed upon people by mere force. Rather, Allah Almighty has granted human beings and jinn a degree of free will to either obey or disobey His commands. It is because of this choice that people become believers or disbelievers, obedient or sinful.
With regard to Divine Decree (Qadar), it should be understood that Qadar refers to Allah Almighty's eternal and all-encompassing knowledge. Allah Almighty has always known everything that will occur. He knows when every person will be born and die, the sustenance they will receive, the circumstances they will encounter, and the choices and actions they will freely make. Based on His perfect and eternal knowledge, all of this has been recorded.
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دلائل:
القرآن الکریم: (القمر، الایة: 49)
اِنَّا كُلَّ شَیْءٍ خَلَقْنٰهُ بِقَدَرٍ o
و قوله تعالی: (الأنعام، الایة: 59)
وَعِنْدَهٗ مَفَاتِحُ الْغَیْبِ لَا یَعْلَمُهَاۤ اِلَّا هُوَؕ-وَ یَعْلَمُ مَا فِی الْبَرِّ وَ الْبَحْرِؕ-وَ مَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَّرَقَةٍ اِلَّا یَعْلَمُهَا وَ لَا حَبَّةٍ فِیْ ظُلُمٰتِ الْاَرْضِ وَ لَا رَطْبٍ وَّ لَا یَابِسٍ اِلَّا فِیْ كِتٰبٍ مُّبِیْنٍ o
و قوله تعالی: (التوبة، الایة: 72)
وَعَدَ اللّٰهُ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِىْ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْاَنْهَارُ خَالِدِيْنَ فِيْهَا وَمَسَاكِنَ طَيِّبَةً فِىْ جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ ۚ وَرِضْوَانٌ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ اَكْبَرُ ۚ ذٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيْمُ o
مرقاة الصابيح: (59/1، ط: دار الفکر)
روي أنه كتب الحسن البصرى إلى الحسن بن علي - رضي الله عنهم - يسأله عن القضاء، والقدر فكتب إليه الحسن بن علي: من لم يؤمن بقضاء الله، وقدره خيره، وشره فقد كفر، ومن حمل ذنبه على ربه فقد كفر، وأن الله تعالى لا يطاع استكراها، ولا يعصى بغلبة لأنه تعالى مالك لما ملكهم۔
شرح العقائد النسفية: (ص: 284، ط: البشری)
وتقديره وهو تحديد كل مخلوق بحده الذي يوجد من حسن وقبح ونفع وضرر، وما يحويه من زمان أو مكان، وما يترتب عليه من ثواب وعقاب.
والمقصود تعميم إرادة الله تعالى وقدرته، لما مرّ من أن الكل بخلق الله تعالى، وهو يستدعي القدرة والإرادة، لعدم الإكراه والإجبار.
Allah Almighty knows best,
Darul ifta Al-Ikhlas, Karachi.